Activities Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Activities - Personal Statement Example The lessons a person learns when he or she plays as an athlete can help him or her succeed in the corporate world. A valuable experience that I had outside of classroom was an internship at HSBC. During this internship I had to meet a lot of great people that inspired me to graduate soon and have a full time job. I learned the importance of communication and of being a team player. Another activity in which I have been involved in the past and of which I am very proud is community service. I have donated hundreds of hours to local food shelters and volunteering work coordinated through a church. Working in a shelter for the homeless was a life changing experience for me because it has taught me how we can make a difference in the lives of people who are in need. Community service is a very satisfying activity because other people reap the rewards of your efforts. Volunteering can help build a strong and united

Creating a hypothesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Creating a hypothesis - Essay Example The group was asked to answer 3 questions. 1. Before the video, what was their opinion on abortions and what reason confirmed this belief?. 2. Do religion or science hold the most weight in your answer and to give a reason to confirm this opinion? 3. Did your opinion on abortions change after viewing the video and what in specific made them confirm their answer? The video was watched simultaneously by all five participants and the conductor of the focus group. Immediately after the viewing, the questionnaire was issued out for the questions to be answered. The testing sample exposed that initially, 4 out of 5 of the viewers believed that abortion should be legal prior to watching the video. The 1 individual who did not believe that abortion should be legal was a man. The primary confirmation answer was the fact that it was a personal choice and government should not be allowed to tell a woman what to do with her body. The sole participant that believed that abortion should not be legal based his answer upon the idea that life began at conception and it was a form of murder. The 2nd question answered by the sampled group as to weather science or religion held the most weight in there answer was 3 for religion and 2 for science. The 3 polled that felt as if religion held the most weight in their answer confirmed themselves to be Christian and said that they knew of nothing in the Bible that stated that they should not have an abortion. The 2 that answered science confirmed that the zygote would not be able to survive on its own outside of the womb. The 3rd and final question of the poll asked if their opinion about abortions was swayed after watching the video. The response remained the same. 4 of the participants still believed in abortion with the same 1 individual remaining constant to the answer that abortion should be illegal. Asked to confirm their answers, the general notion was that they were aware of the development

The Recycling Of Electronic Waste In India Environmental Sciences Essay

The Recycling Of Electronic Waste In India Environmental Sciences Essay E-waste is growing rapidly and becoming the major issue of all over the world. E-waste components contain different types of toxic and hazardous substances those are harmful for environment and human health so it is necessary to handle and manage the E-waste in a proper and better way. In India the management of E-waste have a great significance due to the generation of large amount of E-waste in opposite to lack of appropriate infrastructure and proper procedure for recycling and disposal of the E-waste. This paper endows with current situation of E-waste in India, trends of disposal and recycling of India, status of E-waste management of India and at the last the required action steps for better handling of E-waste and its management. Key words: E-waste, hazardous substances, Recycling, Disposal and E-waste management. Introduction: In todays globalisation world, the consumer market for electrical and electronic products is expanding continuously on high rate. On the other hand due to increasing demand and development of new technology, the life span of the products is dropping that result in large amount of electronic scrap. As mentioned by UNEP in 2005: Every year 20 to 50 million tonnes of electrical and electronic equipment waste (E-waste) are generated world-wide, which could bring serious risks to human health and environment, while 4 million PCs are discarded per year in China alone. (K. Brigden et al., 2005) This large amount of E-waste also contains toxic and hazardous elements in different electrical and electronic components those create serious problem regarding their handling, recycling and disposal. What is E-waste? Electronic waste (E-waste)or Waste Electrical and Electronic Elements (WEEE) is the term generally used to describe disposed electronic and electrical products which are old and end of life household appliances including laptops, TVs, DVD players, mobiles, i-pods. However sources of E-waste can be classified into three main categories (Pinto, 2008): Large Household Appliances IT and Telecom Consumer Equipment The pie chart in figure 1below indicates the percentage of electrical and electronic waste generated by different household appliances, IT and consumer products. Figure 1: Sources of E-waste (Source: India E-waste guide) Environmental and Health hazards of WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment): As per knowledge E-waste contains more than 1000 different substances and chemicals which are hazardous and non hazardous (Pinto, 2008). From that some hazardous substances are toxic and can create some serious problem for the environment and human health. E-waste contains many toxics like heavy metals including lead, cadmium, mercury, Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), plastics, Brominated flamed Retardant, barium, beryllium, phosphors and additives etc. The impacts of these toxics and hazardous substances on environment and human health are described in table 1 below: Table 1: Hazardous Substances and their Impact on Environment and Human Health Toxic Used components Impact on health and environment Lead Glass panel and gasket in computer monitors Solder in Printed Circuit Board Causes damage to the central and peripheral nervous systems, blood systems, kidney. Effects impede brain development among children. Lead tends to accumulate in the environment and has high acute and chronic effects on plants, animals and microorganisms. Cadmium Infrared detectors and semiconductor chips Some old cathode ray tube Accumulate in the human body and it damages the kidneys. Mercury Thermostats, relays, switches, mobiles, lamps and medical equipments. Damage to brain and kidneys. It affects the food chain by accumulating in the living organism particularly via fish. Hexavalent chromium Galvanised steel plates It can cause damage to DNA. Plastics Electronic equipment and computer housing When it burns it release Dioxin which can damage to human health. BFRs Circuit board and plastic housing of equipment Cause neurobehavioral alterations and it affects the immune system of body in animals. Beryllium Mother board and finger clips It can cause lung cancer and skin deceases. Phosphor and additives Applied as a coat in inside of the CRTs. It can damage those human who dismantle CRTs by hand. Situation of E-waste in India: Telecommunication and information technology are the fastest growing industries today not only in India but world over. Based on the growth of electronics and IT equipment in India; Manufacturers Association of Information Technology (MAITD) has collected the following statistics. (http://www.scribd.com/doc/19009739/E-waste-India, Accessed on May 10th 2010) During 2007-08, PC sales were over 7.3 million units growing by 16% and there is an installed base of over 25 million units. The consumer electronics market is growing by 13-15% annually and has an installed base of over 25 million units. The cellular subscriber base up by 96% during 2007-08 and its installed base are estimated to cross 300 million marks by 2010. E-waste generated in India during 2007 was around 332,979 MT besides about 50,000 MT entering the country through imports as per a GTZ-MAIT (Gesellschaft Technische Zusammenarbeit Manufacturers Association for Information Technology) sponsored study by IMRB (Indian Market Research Bureau). Unprecedented growth of the IT industry during the last decade and early product obsolescence due to continuous innovation resulted in the generation of this large quantity of E-waste. Out of this quantity only 144,143 MT was available for recycling and refurbishing and only 19,000 MT of E-waste was processed. WEE Generating Top Ten Cities City WEE (Tonnes) Mumbai 11017.1 Delhi 9730.3 Bangalore 4648.4 Chennai 4132.2 Kolkata 4025.3 Ahmadabad 3287.5 Hyderabad 2833.5 Pune 2584.2 Surat 1836.5 Nagpur 1768.9 WEE Generating Top Ten States State WEE (Tonnes) Maharashtra 20270.59 Tamil Nadu 13486.24 Andhra Pradesh 12780.33 Uttarpradesh 10381.11 West Bengal 10059.36 Delhi 9729.15 Karnataka 9118.74 Gujarat 8994.33 Madhya Pradesh 7800.62 Punjab 6958.46 DW Table 23: The generated E-waste in Major states and Major cities (source: ENVIS, 2008) E-waste Handling Process in India: E- Waste is mostly generated in Metropolitan cities in India, where a complex E-waste handling infrastructure on a long tradition of waste recycling has been developed. So far, the E-waste recycling is purely market driven, operated by a very entrepreneurial informal sector. A large number of new business es focusing on reuse or extraction of secondary raw materials resulted due to easy adaption of rag pickers and waste dealers to the new waste stream. (http://india.ewasteguide.info/ , Accessed on April 27th 2010) Figure 2: E-waste Handling Process in India (Source: Indian E-waste guide) The E-waste from corporate consumers and households enters a city specific familiar E-waste recycling system. The collection and allocation of E-waste is done by middlemen, scrap dealers and rag pickers, also known as  «kabadiwalas ». The informal recycling system includes acceptable processes such as dismantling and sorting but also very harmful processes such as burning and discharging in order to extract metals from electronic equipment. Harmful techniques like burning wires are common practice in the informal recycling sectors in big cities in India. Trends in Disposal and Recycling: E-waste has become more desirable due to soaring price of gold, silver and copper. E-waste round-ups are used as fund raisers in some communities. E-waste processing industry in Europe was marked by the ban imposed on disposal of electronic waste in landfills. European Union advanced E-waste policy by implementing the waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive in 2002, making manufacturers responsible for the disposal of E-waste at the end-of-life. (http://www.scribd.com/doc/20784043/Managing-E-waste-Indian-Perspective, Accessed on May 2nd 2010) Large amount of used electronics have been sent to countries like China, India, and Kenya, where lower working conditions and environmental standards make E-waste processing more profitable due to lack-luster enforcement of legislation regarding exports of E-waste. In Switzerland after implementation of first electronic waste recycling system in 1991, since 2005 it has been possible to return all the E-waste at collection points and sale points free of charge. The total amount of recycled E-waste exceeds 10 kg per capita per year and two established Producer Responsibility Organizations (PRO) are responsible for handling electronic waste and electrical appliances. A policy known as Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) was implemented by European Union, designed to make equipment manufacturers financially or physically responsible for their equipment at the end-of-life cycle. This policy internalized the end-of-life costs and provided a competitive incentive for companies to design equipment with less costs and liabilities. (http://www.scribd.com/doc/20784043/Managing-E-waste-Indian-Perspective, Accessed on May 2nd 2010) Some states in the US developed policies banning CRTs from landfills recently due to the fear of heavy metals being leached into the ground water. Diversion from landfill has been driver for legislation in many states requiring collecting and processing of E-waste separately from the solid waste stream. Increased regulation of E-waste and concerns over the environmental harm has lead to disposal costs. The toxic trade by brokers or recyclers with an incentive to export the E-waste to developing countries was first exposed by the Basel Action Network (BAN) in their report in 2002. United States has not ratified the Basel Ban Amendment and no domestic laws forbidding the export of E-waste. From 2004, State of California and Canada has begun to impose an Electronic waste recycling fee on the purchase of new television, computers and computer components, making recycling mandatory for all those products. The European Union, South Korea, Japan and Taiwan have already demanded that manufac turers and sellers be responsible for recycling 75 per cent of electronics item. Computer scrap is managed through various alternatives such as product reuse, conventional disposal in landfills, incineration and recycling in India. Since the methods of disposal are very rudimentary and pose grave environmental and health hazards, it has become a very serious problem. Processing the waste by uncontrolled burning and disposal are causing environmental problems. The biggest source is through imports of E-waste in India. (ENVIS, 2006) Recycling Steps in India: Manual Dismantling: The accrued electronic and electric waste in India is dismantled and sorted manually to fractions cathode ray tubes, printed wiring boards, metals, plastics, cables for component recovery and invaluable materials like wood, plastics and other invaluable metals for mechanical shredding. Refining and conditioning processes are used for treating valuable fractions. Refining and Conditioning: In a variety of refining and conditioning processes like separation, open burning, acid baths, different E-waste fractions are processed to useful components and to secondary raw materials. Final Disposal: Solid waste is deposited in a municipal landfill where significant emissions to air and water are caused as systematic gas and water collecting systems are not installed. Site is crowded with informal waste pickers and valuable materials for recycling collected by people. Figure 3: Different stages of Recycle steps in India (source: K. Brigden et al., 2005) E-waste Management in India: The major concern all over the world today is environment preservation and its protection. The Basel convention on the control of Tran boundary Movement of Hazardous wastes and Disposal was signed by India on 15th March, 1990, ratified in 1992 and amended in 2003. India cannot export the Hazardous wastes listed in Annex VIII of the convention from the countries who ratified the ban agreement and is free to import E-wastes from countries not ratified the Basel Convention. The classification of E-waste as hazardous is unclear in Indian legislation. In India there is wide range of environment legislation but still there are no any specific rules or laws for E-waste (Joseph, 2007). As per the Hazardous Waste Rules implemented, in 1989 particular E-waste is not treated as hazardous unless it is not proved that they contain higher concentration of toxic substance. The electronic waste included under List-A and List-B of Schedule-3 of the Hazardous Wastes (Management Handling) Rules, 1989 are amended in 2000 2003 and now it requires specific permission from the Ministry of Environment and Forests. At this time informal sector collect the all electronic waste around the country and recycle them, Government has taken the following steps to improve the awareness about recycling of E-waste and to establish a sound E-waste management with healthy environment. (Joseph, 2007): à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) collaborated with Toxics Link and organised several workshops on E-waste management. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ CPCB has started to take quick action for rapid assessment of the E-waste generated in major metropolitan cities of the country. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To formulate effective strategy for better E-waste management CPCB has made up a national working group. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The Department of Information Technology (DIT), Ministry of Communication and Information Technology has published full comprehensive technical guide book titled Environmental Management for Information Technology Industry in India and circulated this guide book all around the country. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The DIT at the Indian Telephone Industries has set up demonstration projects showing how to recover copper from the Printed Circuit Boards. Challenges involved in E-waste management in India: Despite of such awareness and willingness for implementing improvements is increasing rapidly; there are still few challenges or major obstacles in the way of managing the E-wastes safely and effectively. These Challenges are Policy makers are very keen to make a better strategy for an effective E-waste management but they have to face the challenge of lacking of reliable data. There is no any efficient take back scheme for consumers so that only 10 % E-waste can reach to recyclers. The formal sector of the country does not pose a safe E-waste recycling infrastructure so they have to depend on informal sector that create severe risks to the environment and human health. The existing e waste recycling systems are purely business-driven that have come about without any government intervention. Any development in these e waste sectors will have to be built on the existing set-up as the waste collection and pre-processing can be handled efficiently by the informal sector, at the same time offer numerous job opportunities. Recommendations for Reducing E-waste: The new paradigm of sustainability demanding products to be cleaner, long-lived, upgradable and recyclable should be adopted instead of cheaper and faster products. To achieve these goals for sustainable production, environmental justice, corporate and government accountability, few recommendations for action needs to be taken. (http://www.scribd.com/doc/23359394/E-waste-System-failure-imminent, Accessed on May 14th 2010) Ban Hazardous Waste Imports: Complying with the rules and regulations forwarded by the Basel Convention that import of all the hazardous waste containing any hazardous elements should be banned dumped from developed countries to developing countries. There is no reason that developing countries of the world should bear the environmental risk without benefiting from this sort of E-waste. Make the Producer Responsible: The principle of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) makes manufacturer responsible for the products throughout the end-of-life cycle. This will make producer to focus more on designing products with recyclable materials, at the same time less hazardous. Incentive provided by the legislation for product take back policy to the original equipment manufacturer will eventually boost this principle, reducing E-waste all over the globe. Inform the Consumer: Electronic and Electrical manufacturers must specify the hazardous elements contained in their products thus creating awareness among the masses about environmental and health risks posed through these hazardous elements. Proper waste management protocols should also be prescribed to the consumer. Design for Recycling: Mechanisms for recovering raw materials while decommissioning an electronic device must be clean, safe and efficient to environment and human health. During recycling and dismantling process, warning must be placed for possible hazards in the work place and products must be made to recyclable form with rapid and easy reduction. Conclusion: Overall the situation of E-waste can be controlled by achieving zero land fill and Zero land fill is only available if we implement the cycle of four R. This four R are: Reduce try to reduce the E-wastes Reuse reuse the E-waste product Recycle recycle the available E-waste for reuse Recover Recover the valuable products after recycling Figure 4: Cycle of Four R A Case Study on Recycling of E-waste: Name of Company: Infotrek Syscom Ltd. Initiative of Socio environmental concern: To build an environmentally safe recycling pattern Building a forum of Creators of Electronics, corporate houses and Original Equipment manufacturers (OEMs) to help for the cause. Create partnership program. Key Features of Infotrek Syscom Ltd (www.docstoc.com/docs/33807398/E-waste-Management-_-Recycling, Accessed on May 14th 2010) An ISO 9001:2000 Certified, probably first of its kind and 100% export oriented unit for carrying recycling activities. Well Structured facilities spread over 7000 Sq.ft of building and further plans to acquire 45,000 sq.ft of land near JNPT. Modern Material handling equipments. Fully equipped laboratory to facilitate R D. Facilities of extending latest knowledge to the qualified experienced engineers. Bar code system for maintaining inventory movements. Registered with green online initiative. E-waste Management and Recycling Equipment Refurbishment and resale De-manufacturing and disassembly Recovery of valuable components Hazardous and base metal recovery Hazardous component management and environment friendly disposal. Outcomes: In a span of just two years of its existence, Eco Recycling Ltd (subsidiary of Infotrek Syscom Ltd), has developed great awareness about the hazards of waste electrical electronic equipments (WEEE) and need for systematic handling. The change is visible, more and more corporate and individuals have started taking interest and approaching to Ecoreco. It may not be out of place to mention that Ecoreco is presently serving to more than 200 corporate entities spread across India. (http://www.scribd.com/doc/18020190/EWaste-PPT, Accessed on May 16th 2010)

Crying Souls in The Slave Dancer :: Slave Dancer Essays

Crying Souls in The Slave Dancer It all began in the cold month of January, 1840, in a town familiar to many; New Orleans. Fog laid a heavy blanket on the streets and alleyways of the city. Rain steadily engulfed the seaside locality, and the sound of drunken riverboat men and the slaves celebrating their terrible festivities surrounded the area. New Orleans was the location where Jessie Bollier lived, and 'tis the place where he was captured on that dark January evening. Jessie then found himself aboard The Moonlight, the slaver with its towering sails and masts, cabins and storage space under the deck. For these were places where Jessie had to 'dance the slaves' and where the captain and crew would spend many weeks living in fear of the slaves, of each other, and of getting caught. The story then briefly took the ship's crew and captain to Whydah in the Bight of Benin, the rugged coasts of Africa, where the multitudes of slaves were captured and mistreated. They then made their way across the Atlantic once again to land in the Gulf of Mexico. The Moonlight was anchored there and stayed because it was here where the ship submerged. Two passengers then washed up to the shores of Mississippi where Jessie and Ras meet Daniel, their soon to be friend. Finally, the story concludes in the place it began...the clamoring streets of New Orleans. The Slave Dancer is written in first person point of view, through Jessie's eyes, and projects a depressing, melancholy mood. It is the tragic song of the slaves. The hero of the story is the thirteen year old boy, Jessie Bollier. "He's a fearful runt," comments Captain Cawthorne. He is brought on board the slaver to make the slaves dance, to keep them healthy. Jessie innocent and does not fully understand his purpose. "My life h ad turned upside down. My friend was a man who pressganged me. I disliked the man who befriended me." Jessie does not realize what is going on within him. He does not realize that these men, these women, and children are slaves...are owned. He does not perceive the cruel treatment of the slaves, but does not know why. Jessie himself puts it best, "My stomach rebelled." The antagonist is surprisingly Jessie, but after the voyage. He went through many changes after the excursion. "At first, I made a promise to myself: I would do nothing that was connected with the use of slaves.

Stop Small Hands from Working in Factories

Like other problems India facing today, biz. Poverty. Illiteracy, malnutrition etc, child labor is also a big threat to the nation and it Is practices in many parts of the country. Though gobos, both central as well as states, have been pushing for the various polices/programmer to cease ‘child-labor', the success story so far Is not so good if we see UN reports. At present, to deal with ‘child labor' problem,we have Child Labor prevention Act, some policies like Right To Education etc, but due to poor infrastructure and absence of proper blue print the policies remain on paper.Education is still distinct dream for many children. Gobo schools are poorly funded, they do not have required number of teachers and so do not student, they do not have science laboratories, rand-day meal Is not provided in many schools. Some schools do not even have toilet facilities which Is the reason of low number of female students. And the ‘child labor' is practices mostly in those par ts of the country, from where schools possess above properties. But to my mind lack of availability of education is not the only reason of ‘child labor' other than poverty.Apart from poverty and illiteracy, idealism, migration, malnutrition too play a very Important role to Increase the number of child labors. Most of the child labors from our country are Dallas, marginal's and alienated. Along with being dalai they are poor as well as illiterate. Also many child labors are baggers' who do not have their own shelter (unfortunately, in India,there are no laws which will cover baggers). So the number of child laborers are more in those parts of the country where idealism is practices strongly and they have more number of industries.For example, states like Arioso, Shorthand are resource, minerals rich so there Is greater number of industries, and also idealism Is practices more in these states, hence result of which Is more number of child labors. Another ex Is of Tamil Nadia, w here idealism is practices and hence we can find more child labors working in bad safety conditions of fire works industries. Just like idealism, migration is again another reason p, which couples with poverty, force children to work as labor to fulfill their basic livelihoods. So In a country like India, which Is such a diverse country, problems also show verse nature.Hence approach to every single problem to solve should be Inclusive. So to stop child labor, only RET or Child labor prevention Act are not sufficient but gobos should also look at the implementation of the other important schemes like MANAGER, various pension schemes(including students scholarship) etcÃ'› they have to work to stop migration, they have to stop malnutrition, hunger by creating necessary Infrastructure to deal with, increasing efficacy In systems and creating awareness among people. Stop Small Hands from Working in Factories By Similarities Like other problems India facing today, biz. Every, illiterac y, malnutrition etc, child labor is also a big threat to the nation and it is practices in many parts of the various policies/programmer to cease ‘child-labor', the success story so far is not so have science laboratories, mid-day meal is not provided in many schools. Some schools do not even have toilet facilities which is the reason of low number of female too play a very important role to increase the number of child labors. Most of the child labors from our country are dalais, marginal's and alienated. Along with being dalai they are poor as well as illiterate.Also many child labors are ‘baggers' who do not have their own shelter (unfortunately, in India,there are no laws which there is greater number of industries, and also idealism is practices more in these states, hence result of which is more number of child labors. Another ex is of Tamil So in a country like India, which is such a diverse country, problems also show diverse nature. Hence approach to every singl e problem to solve should be inclusive. MANAGER, various pension schemes(including students scholarship) etc. , they have necessary infrastructure to deal with, increasing efficacy in systems and creating

Future Trends in Crisis Intervention

Future Trends in Crisis Intervention Abstract Mental Health Paraprofessionals (MHPP) will work with the client and family on behavioral issues that occur in the home, school, and community. The MHPP serves on the treatment team and assists professional staff with the execution of the treatment plan. They also assist with securing community services that might be available to the client and the client's family. The purpose of intensive Mental Health Paraprofessional Intervention is to enable the client to be maintained in the most normalized, least restrictive setting as possible, and to prevent unnecessary, inappropriate institutionalization.This paper discusses an overview paraprofessionals, the impact the paraprofessionals have on the field, the challenges that organizations are faced, and how to manage with the implemented changes. Future Trends in Crisis Intervention As the population in the United States continues to climb the need for human services professionals does the same. Human service agencies are often face the dilemmas of being over-worked and under paid. Professionals in this field are often prone to burnout because of these dilemmas. Sadly, human service agencies are often the first to experience budget cuts.These budget cuts affect the human service professional’s organization, facility, coworkers, pay, clients, and their personal moral. Leading officials of many human service organizations are noticing the affects of these dilemmas and are trying proactive approaches in solving the epidemics. As a result, the paraprofessional is becoming increasingly popular as the organization can fill the much needed worker positions and assist in alleviating clinician case load. This paper discusses the impact of this trend on the human services field and how the trend will impact the practice of crisis intervention in the future.The challenges faced as a result of the impact, and how the worker can proactively deal with this expanding trend is also covered. It is vital for these services to keep up with the demand and save as much of the valuable budget money. The Paraprofessional Counseling paraprofessionals are bachelor's level graduates whom have completed a course in order to become certified as a paraprofessional. Paraprofessionals generally work in mental health centers, crisis units, day treatment programs and group homes.Generally they provide direct care to patients, where as a counselor, psychologist or psychiatrist offer more specified trained services. Treatment centers will employ support staff to work directly with their patients; counseling center paraprofessionals (CCP) are distinctly different from other support staff (Barrios & Perlas, 2010). They hold a certification in working with the mentally ill and a bachelor's degree while certified counseling technicians (CCT) have a similar certification, but hold a high school diploma instead of a bachelor's degree (Barrios & Perlas, 2010).Some treatment ce nters will also hire direct service professionals that do not have CCP or CCT certifications, but generally, those whom hold a certification are in higher demand and are more employable. Contact of a Paraprofessional The main purpose of a CCP is to interact directly with patients in their care; this may involve setting and enforcing rules on unit, organizing daily activities, and helping with chores or other similar duties.According to Christine Wyman (2012), â€Å"They often have more contact with clients that much of the other staff, including doctors, psychologists, and therapists, as the CCP is usually in charge of the client's day to day activities. † Though the CCP performs less specialized work, they often have the most insight into individual clients. Because of the constant contact they are an invaluable member of the treatment team. With how often CCP’s get to observe patients on a daily basis they are able to pick up on behavior patterns that other staff may not see.They are also able to see how various treatments affect a patient in their daily lives. Some CCPs are designated to work one on one with a single client. A CCP in this role is often assigned as such because a client has a particular need. â€Å"Such needs could include but are not limited to helping a client with severe cognitive or physical limitations, watching a client whom is a danger to himself or others or working with a client whose treatment goals involve intensive one on one work† (Wyman, 2012). ImpactThere are many ways that the use of counseling center paraprofessionals can benefit the organization. One of the many benefits of the paraprofessional in the human service career field could be that they require less training than typical clinician or other human service professional. That way the CCP is able to become certified and begin work in a much shorter time frame then someone who is going through all the required schooling and testing to become a licen sed professional. Another aspect deals with the lesser amount of pay therefore saving the organization money.With the way budgets are being cut it is important to stretch every dollar as much as possible. â€Å"Someone without the education or licensure will not be able to do as much as a professional and therefore require less pay therefore saving money for other areas it is needed† (Barrios ;amp; Perlas, 2010). Since CCP’s spend a great deal of time with the patients they serve as valuable member of the treatment team in helping diagnose issues and observe if prescribed treatments are working. With the CCP’s doing this then that opens up the professionals to work with more clients on a one on one basis.Challenges Paraprofessionals in the human services field can be considered both an important asset and a nuisance to the clinicians and the clients served. With all the good that a paraprofessional brings the position also has some negatives. During this tumultu ous economy, districts find themselves entertaining a variety of solutions as a means of tackling severe budget reductions, and colleges are faced with the impossible task of providing quality student services without adequate resources.As a result, paraprofessionals may have absorbed additional duties previously performed by a robust counseling department. Also the CCP’s can be improperly trained or supervised. Because of these two occurrences the care provided can suffer. When people are overworked they are more likely to suffer from burnout. In this case the lack of CCP’s can cause burnout on behalf of the professionals and if the CCP’s are doing more than they should they can become burnt out. Managing Paraprofessional responsibilities should not extend beyond information dissemination.When the duties expand into goal setting, planning or decision making, the paraprofessional has overstepped his/her professional boundaries. It is recommended that paraprofess ional roles and duties be assessed to ensure that paraprofessionals do not extend beyond their primary job description (Barrios ;amp; Perlas, 2010). If paraprofessionals are utilized, proper training and supervision are imperative. Both training and supervision should be conducted with counselors taking an active role in both.Training methods could include individual one-on-one trainings, small group trainings, or an in-service training to the greater college community in order to differentiate the goals and responsibilities between counselors and paraprofessionals. Trainings and supervision should include clearly defined responsibilities and a counselor referral process. Identification badges, that include name and position, should be provided along with ethical and confidentiality regulations. Closing Crisis Intervention Counseling plays an important role and benefits many people in their time of need.With the direction of society and the numerous budget cuts that are implemented each year, the affected organizations that provide these services must find the best way to survive. In hiring counseling center paraprofessionals the group takes some of the pressure off of the professionals and spread the work out more evenly. This move also saves the organization money on a tight budget. There are many issues that face the human service field and counseling in the future but one major is the funding. CCP’s can do a lot to solve this issue now and in the future as budgets for these services get cut even more.